ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ЭПОХИ БРОНЗЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ПРИКАСПИЯ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2020.4.10.47.69Ключевые слова:
археология, Северо-Восточный Прикаспий, Средняя Азия, Урал, Поволжье, эпоха бронзы, поселение, Токсанбай, Айтман, историография, эпоха палеометалла, курганАннотация
В статье приводятся данные, иллюстрирующие этапы изучения памятников древней истории на территории плато Устюрт. От первых упоминаний о плато Устюрт в письменный источниках до его всестороннего изучения прошло более тысячи лет. Научные исследования, проводимые до середины XX в., прежде всего, касались изучения геологии, климата и почв. Непосредственно археологические исследования начинаются после Великой Отечественной войны. Именно вторая половина XX в. стала определяющим этапом в изучении памятников археологии, в том числе энеолита–бронзы Прикаспия. Начало XXI в. обозначилось новым витком исследований памятников эпохи бронзы – изучением поселенческих комплексов Токсанбай и Айтман. Работы Западно-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции Института археологии им. А. Х. Маргулана под руководством З. Самашева и при активном участии А. С. Ермолаевой фактически положили начало периоду накопления археологического материала этой эпохи. Исследования проводились комплексно – с привлечением специалистов смежных дисциплин: почвоведения, палинологии, зоологии, трасологии, керамологии и др. Науке открылся перспективный в археологическом отношении район, где в эпоху энеолита–бронзы происходили процессы активного освоения территории, отразившиеся в историческом прошлом региона.
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