ИСТОРИЯ ОТКРЫТИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПЕРВОГО МАНИХЕЙСКОГО ХРАМА В СИБИРИ. Часть 1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2021.3.13.9.25Ключевые слова:
археология, история науки, научные подходы, археологические методы, сырцовые храмы, сибирско-тюркское манихействоАннотация
В этом номере публикуется первая часть статьи, продолжение – в следующем выпуске. 50 лет назад в Хакасии Л.Р. Кызласовым был найден и археологически изучен первый манихейский храм, положивший начало многолетним раскопкам подобных культовых сооружений. Ученик С.В. Киселёва, он в 1945–1949 гг. получил, казалось бы, классическое кочевниковедческое образование, направленное на изучение курганов: экспедиции в Хакасии, Туве, Казахстане, дипломная работа «Алтай в V–X вв.». Однако участие в раскопках гуннского дворца под Абаканом в 1946 г. побудило студента изучить публикации послевоенных раскопок монументальных зданий в Пенджикенте и Кармир-блуре. Самостоятельно полученные книжные знания позволили Кызласову, единственный раз работавшему в Средней Азии, в 1953–1954 гг. впервые в нашей науке отыскать и раскопать на городище Ак-Бешим буддийский храм и несторианскую церковь. Методика работ также была новой – соединяла опыт изучения курганов и сырцовых зданий. С тех пор исследователь многие годы находил и копал крепости и города древних уйгуров, хакасов, монголов на Верхнем и Среднем Енисее. Именно он в исхоженной археологами Хакасии распознал в оплывших буграх отдельный манихейский храм и крупный храмово-монастырский центр. Оба комплекса раскопаны им способом, выработанном в Ак-Бешиме. Тогда и поныне манихейские храмы остаются неизвестными археологам.
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