Изучение памятников энеолита казахстанского Приишимья (2000–2023 гг.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.1.27.31.66Ключевые слова:
энеолит, ботайская культура, Ботай, Васильковка IV, Жусан, Қрасный Яр I, Рощинское, Троицкое V, история изученияАннотация
Статья является продолжением опубликованного ранее исследования истории полевых работ на памятниках энеолита Казахстанского Приишимья (период 1950-х–1996 гг.) и охватывает период 2000–2023 гг. Осуществлён сбор информации и дано последовательное изложение хода полевых археологических работ с анализом их итогов, научного значения, масштабов исследованного культурного слоя памятников. В начале периода энеолитические поселения исследовались казахстанско-американской экспедицией под руководством С. Олсен, в том числе с опорой на солидное естественно-научное и техническое обеспечение. Объектами исследования стали поселения Васильковка IV, Красный Яр I, Троицкое V для получения косвенных доказательств доместикации лошади. С некоторым временным лагом происходило формирование команды исследователей под руководством В.Ф. Зайберта и осуществление им охранных мероприятий на поселении Ботай, затем на других памятниках. С 2003 г. все работы на поселениях энеолита региона проводились под руководством В.Ф. Зайберта и были сосредоточены на поселении Ботай, с 2007–2008 г. они сопровождаются естественно-научными исследованиями с международным участием и также были ориентированы на обоснование доместикации ботайской лошади и освоения коневодства. В 2021–2023 гг. раскопами исследовалось поселение Красный Яр I. Установлено, что в ходе полевых работ за всё время их ведения исследовано 13 400,5 кв. м культурного слоя поселений энеолита Казахстанского Приишимья, изучено полностью 106 и частично 17 жилищных и жилищно-хозяйственных конструкций, накоплена многочисленная коллекция артефактов и материалов. В настоящий момент актуальным является пересмотр целеполагания полевых работ, их ограничение и осуществление мероприятий по защите культурного слоя памятников от антропогенного воздействия.
Библиографические ссылки
Abilmalikov, K. K., Bajgunakov, D. S., Bayanova, Zh. K. 2023. In: Vestnik KazNU. Seriya istoricheskaya (Journal of history), 3 (110), 167–177 (in Russian).
Abilmalikov, K. K., Kurmaniyazov I. S. 2022. In: Vestnik KazNU. Seriya istoricheskaya (Journal of history), 4 (107), 138–149 (in Russian).
Abilmalikov, K. K., Kurmaniyazov, Y. S., Makeev, M. S. 2023. In: Onggaruly, A., Mamirov, T. B. (eds.). Margulanovskie chteniya–2023 (Margulan readings–2023). In 2 vol. Vol. 2. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 299–309 (in Russian).
Arheologicheskie … issledovaniya 0222RK00644. URL: https://nauka.kz/page.php?page_id=108&id=55109 (accessed: 05.01.2025) (in Russian).
Botaj 0211RK01475. URL: https://nauka.kz/page.php?page_id=108&id=21377 (accessed: 11.01.2025) (in Russian).
Byulleten 2018. URL: https://nauka.kz/upload/sborniki/2018_buluten_registracii_nir_i_okr_vyp_1.exe (accessed: 11.01.2025) (in Russian).
Byulleten' 2020. URL: https://nauka.kz/upload/sborniki/2020_buluten_registracii_nir_i_okr_vyp_2.exe (accessed: 11.01.2025) (in Russian).
Darmenov, R. T., Tazhekeev, A. A., Kurmaniyazov, Y. S., Sultanzhanov, Zh. K. 2022. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 3 (17), 115–125 (in Kazakh).
Zaibert, V. F. 2011. Botaj. U istokov stepnoy tsivilizatsii: kniga-albom (Botaj. At the origins of the steppe civilization: a book album). Almaty: “Balausa” Publ. (in Kazakh, in Russian, in English).
Zaibert, V. F., Abilmalikov, K. K., Shakshakov, K. G., Kurmaniyazov, Y. S., Bayanova, Zh. K. 2022. In: Onggaruly, A., Mamirov, T. B. (eds.). Margulan oqulary–2022 (Margulan readings–2022). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archeology, 405–410 (in Kazakh).
Zaibert, V. F., Ayazbekova, S. Sh., Bekseitov, G. T., Abilmalikov, K. G., Shakshakov, K. G., Kurmaniyazov, I. S., Bayanova, Zh. K. 2021. In: Onggaruly, A. et al. (eds.). Margulanovskie chteniya–2021 (Margulan readings–2021). In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archeology, 184–197 (in Russian).
Zaibert, V. F., Outram, A. 2018. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 1–2, 59–68 (in Russian).
Zaibert, V. F., Outram, A., Nurushev, M. Zh., Bajgunakov, D. S., Bekseitov, G. T., Nauryzbaeva, E. K., Abilmalikov, K. K., Karazhigitova, A. E., Kurmaniyazov, Y. S., Sychev, D. S., Temirhan, Zh. T., Ospanov, E. B., Bayanova, Zh. K. 2019. In: Bekseitov, G. T. (ed.) Metody i metodologiya estestvennyh nauk v polevyh arheologicheskih issledovaniyah: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference “Methods and methodology of Natural Sciences infield archaeological research”). Almaty: “Kazakh University” Publ., 67–100 (in Russian).
Zaibert, V. F., Tyulebaev, A. Zh. 2012. In: Onggar, A. (ed.). Trudy Filiala Instituta arheologii im. A.H. Margulana v g. Astane (Proceedings of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana). Vol. I. Astana: Publishing Group of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana, 24–34 (in Russian).
Zaibert, V., Tyulebaev, A., Zadorozhnyj, A., Kulakov, Yu. 2007. Tajny drevney stepi (Issledovaniya poseleniya Botaj v 2004–2006 gg.) (Secrets of the ancient steppe (Studies of the Botai settlementin 2004–2006)). Kokshetau: Kokshetau University (in Russian).
Zaibert, V. F., Tyulebaev, A. Zh., Kachanovskaya, M. G., Rahimzhanova, S. Zh., Magzumov, A. M., Eskendirov, K. Z. 2014. In: Bajtleu, D. A. (ed.). Kulturno-istoricheskie processy v Kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekov'e: traditsii i innovatsii. Trudy Filiala Instituta arheologii im. A.H. Margulana v g Astane (Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations. Proceedings of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana). Vol. III. Astana: Publishing Group of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana, 24–42 (in Russian).
Zaibert, V. F., Tyulebaev, A. Zh., Magzumov, A. M. 2013. In: Onggar, A. (ed.). Trudy Filiala Instituta arheologii im. A.H. Margulana v g. Astane (Proceedings of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana). Vol. II. Astana: Publishing Group of the Branch of Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana, 112–119 (in Russian).
Zakon 1992. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z920002900_ (accessed: 12.01.2025) (in Russian).
Zakharov, S. V. 2009. In: Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya. Filosofiya. Pravo (Bulletin of Karaganda University. Series: History. Philosophy. Right), 2 (54), 31–41 (in Russian).
Zakharov, S. 2024. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (24), 139–159 (in Russian).
Issledovanie i rekonstruktsiya. 2017. URL: https://cultural.kz/ru/science/view?id=108 (accessed: 10.05.2024) (in Russian).
Issledovanie i rekonstruktsiya. 2018. URL: https://cultural.kz/ru/science/view?id=124 (accessed: 10.05.2024) (in Russian).
Kachanovskaya, M. G., Rahimzhanova, S. Zh. 2014. In: Rossijskaya arheologiya (Russian Archaeology), 3, 19–25 (in Russian).
Konkurs 2021–2023. URL: https://www.ncste.kz/ru/competition-101?irn=BR10162994 (accessed: 05.01.2025) (in Russian).
Makeev, M. S. 2024. In: Vklad Botajskoy kultury v razvitie mirovoy tsivilizatsii: sbornik dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsi (Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference “The contribution of the Botai culture to the development of world civilization”). URL: https://botaimuseum.kz/novosti/1083-sbornik-dokladov-konferentsii-24-10-2024 (accessed: 09.01.2025) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2281: Zaibert, V. F., Kislenko, A. M. Otchet o NIR. Issledovaniya Severo-Kazahstanskoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii v 1989 g. (Research report. Research of the North Kazakhstan archaeological expedition in 1989). In 2 vol. Vol. I (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2547: Voloshin, V. S., Bektasov, Sh., Olsen, S., Bradley, B. Otchet o provedenii sovmestnoy kazahstano-amerikanskoy ekspeditsii na pamyatnike Krasnyi Yar (Report on the joint Kazakh-American expedition at the Krasny Yar site) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2557: Akishev, K., Khabdulina, M., Bektasov, Sh., Bredli, B., Olsen, S. Zhusan: malenkaya stoyanka perioda neolita i zheleznogo veka, raspolozhennaya nedaleko ot Kokchetava, Kazahstan (Zhusan: A small Neolithic and Iron Age site located near Kokchetav, Kazakhstan) (in Russuan and English).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2601: Khabdulina, M. K., Akishev, K. A., Bredli, B., Olsen, S., Outram, A., Bektasov, Sh. Arheologicheskaya razvedka na Vasilkovke IV: poselenie mednogo veka, raspolozhennoe vozle Kokchetava Akmolinskoy oblasti, Kazahstan (Archaeological exploration at Vasilkovka IV: a Copper Age settlement located near Kokchetav, Akmola region, Kazakhstan) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2623: Zaibert, V. F., Tyulebaev, A. Zh., Kulakov, Yu. V. 2004. In: Polevye issledovaniya Kokshetauskoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii v 2003 godu. Otchet (Field research of the Kokshetau archaeological expedition in 2003. Report), 3–27 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2674: Nauchnye issledovaniya i ohrannye raboty Kokshetauskoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii na poselenii Botaj i pamyatnikah botajskoj kultury. Otchet (Scientific research and protective work of the Kokshetau archaeological expedition at the Botai settlement and monuments of the Botai culture. Report) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2735: Nauchnye arheologicheskie issledovaniya na poselenii Botaj v 2005 godu. Otchet (Scientific archaeological research at the Botai settlement in 2005. Report) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 2778: Arheologicheskie issledovaniya na poselenii Botaj v 2006 godu. Otchet (Archaeological research at the Botai settlement in 2006. Report) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3031: Botaj – istoricheskaya podosnova konnyh nomadov Evrazii. Otchet o nauchno-prikladnom issledovanii (Botai is a historical foundation of equestrian nomads of Eurasia. A report on scientific and applied research). In 2 parts. Part 1 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3031a: Botaj – istoricheskaya podosnova konnyh nomadov Evrazii. Otchet o nauchno-prikladnom issledovanii (Botai is a historical foundation of equestrian nomads of Eurasia. A report on scientific and applied research). In 2 parts. Part 2 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3121: Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoy rabote po teme: “Kulturno-istoricheskie protsessy v kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekovie: traditsii i innovatsii» (promezhutochnyj) (Research report on the topic: “Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations” (interim)) (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3163: Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoy rabote po teme: “Kulturno-istoricheskie protsessy v kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekov'e: traditsii i innovatsii» (promezhutochnyj) (Research report on the topic: “Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations” (interim)). In 2 parts. Part 1 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3164: Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel'skoj rabote po teme: “Kul'turno-istoricheskie processy v kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekov'e: traditsii i innovatsii” (promezhutochnyj) (Research report on the topic: “Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations” (interim)). In 2 parts. Part 2 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3201: Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoy rabote po teme: “Kulturno-istoricheskie protsessy v kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekov'e: traditsii i innovatsii» (itogovyj) (Research report on the topic: "Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations" (final)). In 2 parts. Part 2 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3202: Otchet o nauchno-issledovatelskoj rabote po teme: “Kulturno-istoricheskie protsessy v kazahskih stepyah v drevnosti i srednevekov'e: traditsii i innovatsii» (itogovyj) (Research report on the topic: "Cultural and historical processes in the Kazakh steppes in antiquity and the Middle Ages: traditions and innovations" (final)). In 2 parts. Part 1 (in Russian).
SA MIA SC MSHE RK. D. 3444а: Kabyldau-tapsyru № 2 aktіsі 2 nauryz 2023 zh. Anyzy. Botaj madenietіnіn Krasnyj Yar konysyna zhүrgіzіlgen arheologiyalyk zertteu zhumystary barysynda tabylgan zhadіgerler (Acceptance and Transfer Act No. 2 Legend of March 2, 2023. Artifacts found during archaeological research on the settlement of Krasny Yar of the Botai culture) (in Kazakh).
Outram 2023. URL: https://botaimuseum.kz/novosti/808-alan-outram-2 (accessed: 09.01.2025) (in Russian).
Outram, A., Kurmaniyazov, Y. 2023. In: Otan tarihy (History of the homeland), 26/2, 384–407 (in Russian).
Poselenie 2021. URL: https://akmomuzey.kz/news/1003june.html (accessed: 09.01.2025) (in Russian).
Postanovlenie 2018. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000150 (accessed: 11.01.2025).
Raskopki 2022. URL: https://www.inform.kz/ru/raskopki-na-poselenii-krasnyy-yar-prodolzhayutsya-naydeny-unikal-nye-artefakty_a3960958 (accessed: 09.01.2025).
Zaibert, V. F., Hazbulatov, A. R. (eds.). 2018. Sakralnye konteksty botayskoy kultury (Sacred contexts of Botai culture). Astana: KazNII kultury (in Russian).
Sbornik 2018. URL: https://nauka.kz/upload/sborniki/2018_sbornik_referatov_nir_i_okr_vyp_1_ser_1.exe (accessed: 11.01.2025) (in Russian).
Snimok 16.10.2021. URL: https://earth.google.com/web/@53.33037846,69.18657869,253.42788591a,348.39823357d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDIxLTEwLTE2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA (accessed: 16.01.2025).
Snimok 2024. URL: https://yandex.kz/maps/?l=sat&ll=69.186599%2C53.330509&z=19 (accessed: 16.01.2025).
Snimok 26.05.2023. URL: https://earth.google.com/web/@53.33037846,69.18657869,253.42788591a,348.39823357d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDIzLTA1LTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA (accessed: 16.01.2025).
Tainstvennyj mir … 2023. URL: https://akmolinform.kz/tainstvennyjj-mir-drevnosti-poseleniya-krasnyjj-jar/ (accessed: 09.01.2025) (in Russian).
Abilmalikov, K. K., Zaibert, V. F. 2021. In: Cultural heritage, 1 (92), 33–37 (in Russian).
Baigunakov, D. 2018. In: Vestnik KazNU imeni al'-Farabi. Seriya istoricheskaya (Bulletin of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The seriesis historical), 1, 258–260 (in English).
Dr. Sandra L. Olsen CV. URL: https://anthropology.ku.edu/dr-sandra-l-olsen-cv (accessed: 24.03.2024) (in English).
Dudd, Stephanie N., Evershed, Richard P. & Marsha Levine. 2003. In: Levine, M., Renfrew, C. and Boyle, K. (eds.). Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 45–54 (in English).
Information card BR10162994-OT-22. URL: https://is.ncste.kz/icard/view/9395 (accessed: 05.01.2025) (in Russian).
Motuzaite, Matuzeviciute G., Lightfoot, E., Liu, X. et al. 2019. In: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11, 6243–6258 (in English).
Olsen, S. L.1996. In: Afanas’ev, G., Cleuziou, S., Lukacs, J. and M. Tosi (eds.). The Colloquia of the XIII International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences. Vol. 16: The Prehistory of Asia and Oceania. Forli: A.B.A.C.O. Edizioni, 49–60 (in English).
Olsen, S. L. 2003. In: Levine, M., Renfrew, C. and K. Boyle (eds.). Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monographs, 83–104 (in English).
Olsen, S. L. 2006. In: Olsen, S. L., Grant, S., Choyke, A. and Bartosiewicz, L. (eds.). Horses and Humans: The Evolution of Human-Equine Relationships. International Series 1560. Oxford: BAR, 81–113 (in English).
Olsen, S. L., B. Bradley D. Maki, and A. Outram. 2006. In: Peterson, D., Popova, L. M. and Smith, A. T. (eds.). Beyond the Steppe and Sown: Proceedings of the 2002 University of Chicago Conference on Eurasian Archaeology. Colloquia Pontica 13. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 89–111 (in English).
Olsen, S., Harding, D. G. 2008. In: Linduff, K. M. and Rubinson, K. S. (eds.). Are All Warriors Male?: Gender roles on the Ancient Eurasian Steppe. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, Lexington Books, and Madison Books Publ., 67–92 (in English).
Parzinger, H., Zaibert, V., Nagler, A., Plešakov, A. 2003. Der große Kurgan von Bajkara: Studien zu einem skythischen Heiligtum. Archäologiein Eurasien. 16. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern Publ. (in Deutsch).
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергей Захаров
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
