Археологические исследования памятников эпохи палеометалла хребта Каратау 2020-2022 гг.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.1.27.185.213Ключевые слова:
Каратау, Боралдай, археология, топография, эпоха бронзы, поселение, могильник, петроглифы, комплекс, пещера Туттыбулак-IАннотация
Анализ данных по освоению территории Каратауского региона в эпоху бронзы выявил основные направления его хозяйственно-культурного развития, где древнее население предгорных равнин занималось ирригационным земледелием и ремёслами, а жители горной зоны – скотоводством и металлургическим производством. На основе систематизации новых материалов исследований памятников эпохи палеометалла предгорной и горной зоны хребта Каратау выделены микрорайоны, где обнаружены комплексы древних поселений, могильников и петроглифов в районе оз. Бийликоль, в долинах рек Терс, Усиктас и Таутары, в Туркестанском оазисе, среди комплексов Арпаузен и Койбагар и составлены карты древних памятников эпохи бронзы. Могильники позднеандроновского периода представлены локальным таутаринским вариантом. На большей части новых поселений отмечены керамические материалы, характерные для каржантауского типа поздней и финальной бронзы Каратауского региона. Специализированные исследования в срединной части ущелья Боралдай позволили выявить комплекс археологических объектов, связанных с группой древних и средневековых поселений и пещер. Погребальные и ритуальные сооружения раннего железного века на могильниках Боралдай-I и II отнесены к культобинскому типу памятников. Раскопки наиболее яркого памятника микрорайона – пещеры Туттыбулак-I позволили определить период ее функционирования от верхнего палеолита до XVIII в. На ранней стадии она представляла собой стоянку охотников и собирателей, а с поздних этапов раннего железного века до Средневековья и Нового времени функционировала как металлургическая мастерская.
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