Домостроительство городов нижней Сырдарьи: исторический аспект
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.2.28.11.25Ключевые слова:
Ширик-Рабат, Сырдарья, жилище, жетыасарская культура, домостроительство, протогород, суфаАннотация
В статье анализируется эволюция домостроительной традиции в нижнем течении Сырдарьи, начиная с эпохи поздней бронзы. Особое внимание уделяется использованию сырцового кирпича в жилищных и погребальных комплексах ширикрабатской и жетыасарской археологических культур. Выявлен и охарактеризован новый тип наземного жилища, сформировавшийся в регионе и получивший широкое распространение в градостроительстве Средней Азии и Казахстана со II в. до н.э. Описаны ключевые элементы «жетыасарского» типа жилья, включая планировку с центральным коридором или двором, а также наличие суф и очагов. Подчеркивается его значение в формировании архитектурных традиций региона вплоть до XIX века. Анализ археологических материалов свидетельствует о преобладании стационарных форм жилища у древнего населения Южного Казахстана, что опровергает устоявшееся представление об их исключительно кочевом образе жизни. Жилые и хозяйственные постройки демонстрируют черты, характерные для среднеазиатской архитектуры, адаптированной к климатическим и культурным условиям региона.
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