Средневековые археологические памятники Сарыарки: краткий анализ и перспективы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.1.27.11.30Ключевые слова:
археология, Сарыарка, Улытау, Средневековье, памятники, исследования, раскопкиАннотация
В статье изложена история изучения памятников Средневековья Сарыарки. История изучения условно разделена на несколько этапов. Начальный этап охватывает период с начала XVIII в. до создания Центрально-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции и характеризуется сбором данных о памятниках. Следующий этап связан с исследованиями Центрально-Казахстанской археологической экспедиции под руководством А.Х. Маргулана в регионе, которой было открыто много памятников, свидетельствующих о параллельном развитии кочевой и оседлой культур, а также организовано их систематическое изучение. Последний этап — это период новейшей истории. Он отмечен созданием в 1998 г. «Есильской археологической экспедиции» под руководством К.А. Акишева и началом археологических и палеоэтнографических исследований в регионе. В этот период в Сарыаркинской степи проводятся широкомасштабные раскопки городищ Бозок и Бытыгай, являвшихся оседлыми культурными центрами. Результаты исследований предоставляют новые материалы, свидетельствующие о том, что Сарыарка была важным регионом, где оседлые и кочевые культуры развивались параллельно и в тесном взаимодействии.
Библиографические ссылки
Akishev, K. A. 2008. In: Abdymanapov, S. A. (ed.). Bozok v panorame srednevekovykh kultur Evrazii (Bozok in the panorama of medieval cultures of Eurasia). Astana: Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 13–19 (in Russian).
Akishev, K. A. 2008. In: Abdymanapov, S. A. (ed.). Bozok v panorame srednevekovykh kultur Evrazii (Bozok in the panorama of medieval cultures of Eurasia). Astana: Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 20–24 (in Russian).
Ageeva, E. I., Akishev, K. A., Kushaev, G. A., Maximova, A. G., Senigova, T. N. (compl.). 1960. Arheologicheskaya karta Kazakhstana (Archaeological map of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: KazSSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Akhinzhanov, S. M. 1973. Kipchaki i ih politicheskie vzaimootnosheniya s Khorezmom v XI–XIII vv. (The Kipchaks and their political relations with Khorezm in the 11th–13th centuries): Abstract of the PhD thesis. Almaty (in Russian).
Akhinzhanov, S. M. 1989. Kypchaki v istorii srednevekovogo Kazakhstana (The Kypchaks in the history of medieval Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Bedelbayeva, M. V. 2019. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (4), 89–104 (in Russian).
Beisenov, A. Z. 2014. Ancient Saryarka treasures. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology; “Begazy-Tasmola” (in Kazakh, Russian, English).
Bytygai: ot legendy k realnosti (Bytygai: from legend to reality). 2025. URL: https://kazpravda.kz/n/bytygay-ot-legendy-k-realnosti/ (accessed 05.02.2025) (in Russian).
Valikhanov, Ch. Ch. 1984. Margulan, A. Kh. (ed.). Sobranie sochineniy v 5 tomakh. T. 1 (Collected works in 5 vol. Vol. 1). Alma-Ata: Glavnaya redaktsiya Kazakhskoy sovetskoy entsiklopedii (in Russian).
Gens, G. 1822. In: Sibirskiy vestnik (Siberian Bulletine), vol. XX, books 10–12, 141–148 (in Russian).
German, G. 1816. In: Vestnik Evropy (Bulletine of Europe), 4, 112–113 (in Russian).
Gryaznov, M. P. 1956. In: Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta istorii materialnoн kultury (Brief Communications of the Institute for the History of Material Culture), 61, 8–16 (in Russian).
Dosymbaeva, A., Nuskabai, A., Bondarev, M. 2011. In: Margulanovskiye chteniya–2011 (Margulan readings–2011), 236–241 (in Russian).
Zholdasbayev, S. 2017. Osedlye poseleniya kazakhov v XV–XVIII vv. (Settled settlements of Kazakhs in the 15th–18th centuries). Astana: Brunch of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana (in Russian).
Eleuov, M. E. 2000. Aqmola oblysyndagy zertteuler. Saryarqa men Shu, Talas, Keles òńirleriniń ortagasyrlyq qalalary, mekenderi jáne kerýen zholdary: gylymi-zertteý jumysy turaly esep (Research in the Akmola region. Medieval cities, settlements and caravan routes of Saryarka, Shu, Talas and Keles regions: Research report). Astana, 7–18 (in Kazakh).
Ermolenko, L. N. 2004. Srednevekovye kamennye izvayaniya kazakhstanskikh stepey: tipologiya, semantika v aspekte voennoy ideologii i traditsionnogo mirovozzreniya (Medieval stone statues of the Kazakh steppes: typology and semantics in the context of military ideology and traditional worldview). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS (in Russian).
Kasenova, A. D. 2020. Kamennye izvaiania Saryarki (istoria izuchenia) (Stone statues of Saryarka (history of study)). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Kassenali, A. Ye., Yessen, S. G., Iskakov, A. Sh. 2022. In: Vestnik KarGU. Seriya Istoriya. Filosofiya (Bulletin of Karaganda University. History. Philosophy Series), 2(106), 85–96 (in Kazakh).
Kasenova, A. D., Manapova, A. M. 2022. In: Vestnik KazNU. Seriya istoricheskaya (Journal of History), 3 (106), 183–190 (in Kazakh).
SA MIA CS MSHE RK. D. 341: Kadyrbaev, M. K. 1955. Dnevnik Tsentralno-Kazahstanskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii (Diary of the Central Kazakhstan Archaeological Expedition) (in Russian).
SA MIA CS MSHE RK. D. 3011: Akhatov, G., Zheleznyakov, B., Akhatova, A., Shayakhmetov, A. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya ob’ektov istoriko-kulturnogo naslediya (gorodische Khan-Ordasy) (Research report: Archaeological investigations of historical and cultural heritage sites (Khan-Ordasy settlement)) (in Russian).
SA MIA CS MSHE RK. D. 3115: Akhatov, G., Kazizov, E., Akhatova, A., Gitov, S., Bychkov, V., Kulbek, A. Otchet o NIR: “Gorodishche Nogerbek-Darasy” (zakl.) (Research report: Settlement Nogerbek-Darasy (final)) (in Russian).
Kurmanqulov, Zh. K., Ermolenko, L. N., Kasenova, A. D. 2021. Ortalyk Kazakstannyn tas mùsinderi (zerttely tarihy) (Stone sculptures of Central Kazakhstan: research history). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Kazakh).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1947. In: Vestnik AN KazSSR (Bulletin of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences), 7 (28), 17–23 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1947а. In: Vestnik AN KazSSR (Bulletin of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences), 11 (32), 62–71 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1948. In: Izvestiya AN KazSSR (News of the KazSSR Academy Sciences), 49 (4), 119–145 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1950. Iz istorii gorodov i stroitelnogo iskusstva drevnego Kazakhstana (From the history of cities and architecture of ancient Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: KazSSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1978. In: Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Kazakhstana (Archaeological monuments of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ., 3–37 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 2001. Margulan, D. A., Margulan, D. (compl.). Sochineniya: V 14 t. T. 2. Saryarka. Gornoye delo i metallurgiya v epokhu bronzy. Dzhezkazgan – drevniy i srednevekovyy metallurgicheskiy tsentr (gorodishche Milykuduk) (Essays: in 14 vol. Vol. 2. Saryarka. Mining and Metallurgy in the Bronze Age. Dzhezkazgan – an ancient and medieval metallurgical center (settlement of Milykuduk). Almaty: “Daik-Press” Publ. (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 2003. Sochineniya: v 14 t. T. 4. Kamennye izvayaniya Ulytau (Essays. In 14 vol. Vol. 4. Stone sculptures of Ulytau). Almaty: “Daik-Press” Publ. (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh., Akishev, K. A., Kadyrbayev, M. K., Orazbayev, A. M. 1966. Drevnyaya kultura Tsentralnogo Kazahstana (Ancient culture of Central Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1966. Ulytau tonyregindegi tas musinder (Stone sculptures around Ulytau). Almaty: “Qazaqstan” Publ. (in Kazakh).
Rykov, P. S. 1933. In: Problemy istorii materialnoy kultury (Monuments of the history of material culture), 9–10, 57–58 (in Russian).
Rychkov, P. I. 1762. In: Topografiya Orenburgskoy gubernii (Topography of the Orenburg Governorate), 2. St. Petersburg, 261–262 (in Russian).
Sakenov, S. K., Burbaeva, S. B., Bukesheva, G. K., Kukushkin, A. I. 2021. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 4 (14), 134–147 (in Russian).
Satpayev, K. I. 1936. In: Kazakhstanskaya pravda, 148 (in Russian).
Satpayev, K. I. 1967. Izbrannye trudy v 5 tomah (Selected Works in 5 vol. Vol. 1). Alma-Ata: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Satpayev, K. I. 1970. Izbrannye trudy v 5 tomah (Selected Works in 5 vol. Vol. 5). Alma-Ata: Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Satpayev, K. I. 2007. In: Izbrannoe. V 5 tomakh (Selected Works in 5 vol. Vol. 5). Shymkent: “Ontustik poligrafiya” Publ., 44–52 (in Russian).
Kamalova, G. M. (ed.). 2009. Svod pamyatnikov istorii i kultury Respubliki Kazakhstan. Aqmolinskaya oblast (The official list of historical and cultural monuments of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Akmola region). Almaty: “Aruna” Publ. (in Russian).
Sembin, M. K. 2015. In: Kozhakhmetov, B. S. et al. (eds.). Bulantinskaya bitva: istoriya issledovaniy (The Battle of Boulantine: A History of Research). Ulytau: zapovednik-museum “Ulytau”, 150–153 (in Russian).
Smailov, Zh. E. 1997. Pamyatniki arkheologii zapadnoy Sary-Arki (Srednevekovye gorodishcha i poseleniya) (Archaeological monuments of Western Saryarka (Medieval settlements)). Balqash (in Russian).
Smailov, Zh. E. 2015. Pamyatniki arkheologii zapadnoy Saryarki (Srednevekovye gorodishcha i poseleniya) (Archaeological monuments of Western Saryarka (Medieval settlements)). Karaganda: “Tengri Ltd” Publ. (in Russian).
Smirnov, N. Yu. 2020. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (8), 78–113 (in Russian).
Spasskiy, G. I. 1818. Drevnosti Sibiri (Antiquities of Siberia) / Sibirskiy vestnik, vol. III, 149 (in Russian).
Taleev, D. A. 2019. In: Margulanovskiye chteniya–2019 (Margulan readings–2019), 47–55 (in Kazakh).
Tleugabulov, D. T. 2019. In: Journal of History, 3 (94), 121–129 (in Russian).
Falk, I. P. 1825. Polnoe sobranie puteshestviy po Rossii, vol. VII. Zapiski puteshestviya akademika Fal’ka (Complete collection of travels across Russia. Vol. VII. Notes of the travel of academician Falk). St. Petersburg (in Russian).
Khabdulina, M.K. 2010. In: Kumekov, B. E. (ed.). Kazakhstan i Evraziya skvoz’ veka: istoriya, arkheologiya, kulturnoe nasledie (Kazakhstan and Eurasia through the centuries: history, archaeology, cultural heritage). Almaty: LTD“Arkheologicheskaya ekspertiza”, 177—189 (in Russian).
Khabdulina, M. K., Gavrilov, D. A. 2023. Bozok – srednevekovoe gorodishche na reke Ishim (Tsentral’nyi Kazakhstan) (Bozok – medieval settlement on the Ishim River (Central Kazakhstan)) / Materials and researches of Kazakhstan Archaeology. Vol. XX. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Khabdulina, M., Koshman, T., Yeginbay, A. 2023. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 3 (21), 17–31 (in Russian).
Shangin, I. P. 1820. In: Sibirskiy vestnik (Siberian Bulletine), vol. IX, book 3, 74–75 (in Russian).
Musagalieva, A., Khabdulina, M. 2024. In: Margulanovskiye chteniya–2024 (Margulan readings–2024). In 2 vol. Vol. 1. Pp. 11–19 (in English).
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2025 Талеев Д.А., Манапова А.М.
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
