Древняя и средневековая урбанизация Таласской долины
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.1.27.100.125Ключевые слова:
Таласская долина, древность, Средневековье, урбанизация, городская культура, городище, поселение, кангюйский период, тюркские каганаты, караханидский и монгольский периодыАннотация
В статье рассматриваются процессы урбанизации Таласской долины в древности и Средневековье. Регион являлся одним из ключевых регионов генезиса урбанизации Центральной Азии. Автор анализирует развитие поселений и городов на основе археологических и исторических источников, охватывая период от эпохи Кангюя (I в. н.э.) до Монгольской империи (XV в.). Особое внимание уделено четырём этапам урбанизации: первый этап (I–V вв. н.э.) – становление первых поселений, связанных с кангюйской культурой; второй этап (VI–IX вв.) – расцвет урбанизации в период Тюркских каганатов, развитие торговли и ремёсел; третий этап (Х–XII вв.) – культурный и экономический подъём городов в эпоху караханидов; четвёртый этап (XIII–XV вв.) – изменения городской структуры в условиях Монгольской империи и державы Тимуридов. Автором выявлены ключевые особенности урбанизации каждого этапа, включая архитектурные, экономические и социальные аспекты. Также рассматривается влияние географических и культурных факторов на формирование городских центров. Этапы урбанизации уточняются на основе проведённого анализа С14 образцов, взятых с памятников. Результаты исследования позволяют лучше понять историческую роль Таласской долины в системе культурных и экономических связей Центральной Азии, а также значение урбанизации для развития региональных обществ.
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