Выявление и полевое изучение памятников энеолита Тургайского плато и Тургайской ложбины. Начальное столетие (1880-е – 1979 гг.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.2.28.114.158Ключевые слова:
Тургайское плато, Тургайская ложбина, каменный век, энеолит, терсекская культура, история изучения, археологические исследования, подъёмные сборы геологами и зоологамиАннотация
В статье впервые исследуются начальные этапы выявления и полевого изучения памятников эпохи энеолита на территории Тургайского плато и Тургайской ложбины, а также разновременных стоянок и местонахождений, содержащих энеолитические материалы. На основании анализа первоисточников и опубликованных материалов сделан ряд следующих выводов: 1) открытие и исследование подъёмными сборами памятников каменного века, в том числе и энеолита, в регионе длительное время осуществлялось в ходе его естественно-научного изучения; 2) первый в регионе памятник поселенческого типа энеолитической эпохи выявлен в начале 1880-х гг. П.С. Назаровым у оз. Эбелей (Жеменей) в ходе орнитологических исследований; 3) в 1880-е – 1969 гг. как профессиональное археологическое, так и в ходе естественно-научных изысканий, открытие и полевое исследование памятников носило дискретный характер; 4) качественно новый характер и эпохально-тематическую научную направленность полевые археологические исследования приобрели с конца 1969 г. – прихода в археологию Торгая профессиональных археологов В.В. Евдокимова и В.Н. Логвина и организационного и кадрового оформления региональной археологической экспедиции, действующей на постоянной основе; 5) к 1979 г. на рассматриваемой территории выявлено более 70-ти стоянок и групп местонахождений эпохи энеолита либо содержащих помимо прочих материалы энеолита, а также памятники каменного века, эпохальную принадлежность которых сегодня сложно установить; 6) абсолютное большинство памятников исследовано подъёмными сборами, квалифицированные археологические раскопки произведены на стоянках Алкау 2, Дузбай 2, Евгеньевка 2, Солёное Озеро 1. Информация о выявленных и исследованных памятниках нами сведена в единую таблицу, все памятники впервые картографированы с учётом данных текстовых описаний и чертежно-графических материалов, что позволяет осуществлять геоинформационных анализ.
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