Подходы к изучению детей и детства в англоязычной археологии: современное состояние (страны Европы и США)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2025.4.30.43.54Ключевые слова:
археология детства, методы и подходы, источники, историография, зарубежная наукаАннотация
Изучение «людей древности» как социальных категорий, так и отдельных индивидов, стало значимым направлением в евразийской и американской археологии в последние десятилетия XX в. Условной точкой отсчета для европейской археологии детства стала публикация норвежского археолога Г. Лиллехаммер «A child is born. The child’s world in an archaeological perspective», вышедшая в 1989 г. За более чем 35 лет направление стало одним из наиболее динамично развивающихся в археологии, затронув большую часть мира. На современном этапе детство понимается как одна из стадий жизненного курса индивида, период биологического роста и, одновременно, как социальная конструкция, различная для каждого общества. Биологические аспекты древнего детства изучает биоархеология, а реконструкцией жизни детей в конкретных обществах занимается социальное направление. Комбинация этих подходов позволяет воссоздавать картину жизни детей даже для обществ, оставивших только материальные источники. Целью данной работы является обзор тенденций, подходов и методов изучения археологии детства в западноевропейской и американской науке в первой четверти XXI в.
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