Яйца с арабской надписью из Жанкента: к интерпретации религиозной символики в эпоху Золотой Орды
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2026.2.32.296.313Ключевые слова:
археология, Приаралье, Жанкент, исламизация, синкретизмАннотация
В статье анализируются новые археологические материалы городища Жанкент, отражающие особенности религиозной культуры населения Приаралья в период Золотой Орды (XIII–XV вв.). В частности, речь идёт о дигирных сосудах, содержавших птичьи яйца с арабскими надписями, интерпретируемых как элементы религиозной практики. Показано, что данные комплексы не связаны с огузским этапом развития города, а относятся к золотоордынскому времени и свидетельствуют о продолжении обживания территории Жанкента после утраты им политического и торгово-экономического статуса. Сопоставление находок с аналогичными материалами из Нижнего Поволжья и Хорезма, а также анализ символики яйца, пуговиц в виде яйца, туга-бунчука, кушкуля в исламской (в том числе суфийской) традициях позволяют прийти к заключению о синкретическом характере исламизации. Сделан вывод о том, что выявленные археологические комплексы отражают не столько формальный процесс исламизации, сколько сложную модель культурной адаптации и религиозной репрезентации, осуществлявшейся через формы так называемого народного ислама, в рамках которого суфийские представления органично сочетались с архаическими доисламскими верованиями. Данный синкретизм нашёл отражение как в археологическом материале золотоордынского времени, так и в более поздних этнографических традициях тюркских народов.
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