Коллекция костяных изделий поселения Токсанбай
(Северо-Восточный Прикаспий)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.2.20.166.185Ключевые слова:
археология, эпоха поздней бронзы, плато Устюрт, поселение, Токсанбай, Айтман, Манайсор, костяная индустрия, трасологияАннотация
Статья посвящена изучению коллекции изделий из кости поселения Токсанбай (XVIII–XVII вв. до н.э.). За период исследований накоплен значительный материал, иллюстрирующий традицию обработки кости животных. Определены технологические особенности изготовления и использования изделий. Животная кость, как сырьё, подвергалась рубке, раскалыванию и расщеплению, реже – оббивке. Помимо следов резки металлическим лезвием на орудиях фиксируются следы рубки как металлическими, так и каменными топорами, пиления-перетирания металлическим лезвием, изредка – шабрения, редко применявшегося в эпоху поздней бронзы. Выделены следующие категории изделий: тупики, проколки, лощила, свёрла и др. Костяные орудия применялись в основном при обработке кожи, реже – в изготовлении сосудов. Имеющие большое значение в жизни людей орудия и предметы из кости использовались в ритуалах. Об этом свидетельствуют найденные в помещении культовой направленности псалии и погребение человека, сопровождавшееся костяными орудиями для обработки кожи, а также фрагментами костей животных.
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