Ритуальный воинский комплекс VII–VIII вв. из могильника Бестамак (Северный Казахстан)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.3.21.136.150Ключевые слова:
археология, Бестамак, средневековье, ритуальная деятельность, воинский комплекс, конское снаряжениеАннотация
В 2002 г. на могильнике Бестамак обнаружен комплекс предметов вооружения и конского снаряжения. По нашему мнению, археологический объект необходимо обозначить как ритуальный воинский комплекс. Исследование древней ритуальной деятельности относится к числу сложных задач в археологии, но устойчивый состав и условия обнаружения этих ритуальных комплексов демонстрируют наличие определённой традиции у населения степной Евразии на протяжении длительного времени. Назрела необходимость в её исследовании и выявлении причин появления. Ритуальный комплекс датируется VII–VIII вв. и символизирует воина-лучника, которому принадлежали найденные предметы. Изучение таких объектов позволит расширить наши представления о сакральных практиках раннего средневековья.
Библиографические ссылки
Ambroz, A. K. 1973. In: Sovetskaya arheologiya (Soviet Archaeology), 4, 81-98 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1972. In: Akishev, K. A. (ed.). Poiski i raskopki v Kazahstane (Searches and excavations in Kazakhstan). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ., 56-76 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 2013. In: Samashev, Z. (ed.), Khassenova, B. M. (compl.). Ocherki srednevekovoy arheologii Verhnego Priirtyshiya (Essays on Medieval Archaeology of the Upper Irtysh region). Astana: Branch of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 28-92 (in Russian).
Astafiev, A. E., Bogdanov, E. S. 2015. In: Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia), 4, 72-84 (in Russian).
Astafiev, A. E., Bogdanov, E. S. 2018. In: Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia), 2, 68-78 (in Russian).
Bazarbayeva, G., Jumabekova, G., Seitov, А., Zhambulatov, К. 2023. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (20), 103-116 (in Russian).
Bayar, D. 2004. In: Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia), 4, 73-84 (in Russian).
Beisenov, A. Z. 2015. In: Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Tomsk State University Journal), 4, 96-104 (in Russian).
Beisenov, A. Z., Khasenova, B. M., Akhiyarov, I. K, Duysenbay, D. B. 2018. In: Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo centra (Bulletin of the Dagestan Scientific Center), 71, 64-76 (in Russian).
Botalov, S. G. 2000. In: Drevnyaya istoriya Yuzhnogo Zauraliya. V 2 t. T. II. Ranniy zheleznyj vek i srednevekovie (Ancient history of the Southern Trans-Urals. In 2 vol. Vol. 2. Early Iron Age and Middle Ages). Chelyabinsk: South Ural State University (in Russian).
Varfolomeev, V. V. 2017. In: Beisenov, A. Z., Loman, V. G. (eds.). Arheologicheskoe nasledie Tsentralnogo Kazahstana: izuchenie i sokhranenie. V 2 t. T. II (Archaeological heritage of Central Kazakhstan: study and preservation. In 2 vol. Vol. 2). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology; Scientific Center of History and Archaeology "Begazy-Tasmola", 90-95 (in Russian).
Gavrilova, A. A. 1965. Mogilnik Kudyrge kak istochnik po istorii altayskih plemen (Burial ground Kudyrge as a source on the history of the Altai tribes). Moscow; Leningrad: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Grigoriev, F. P., Zagorodniy, A. S. 1995. In: Izuchenie pamyatnikov arheologii Altayskogo kraya. Vyp. 5 (The study of archaeological monuments of the Altai Territory. Issue 5). Barnaul: Research and Production Center "Heritage", 176-181 (in Russian).
Grudochko, I. V., Botalov, S. G. 2013. In: Botalov, S. G., Ivanova, N. O. (eds.). II Mezhdunarodnyi Madyarskiy simpozium (2nd International Magyar Symposium). Chelyabinsk: “Riphey” Publ. (in Russian).
Jumabekova, G. S., Bazarbayeva, G. A., 2013. Khudozhestvennye bronzy Zhetysu (Artistic bronzes of Zhetysu). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian)
Dosymbayeva, A. M. 2006. Zapadnyi Tyurkskiy kaganat. Kulturnoe nasledie kazahskih stepey (Western Turkic Khaganate. Cultural heritage of the Kazakh steppes). Almaty (in Russian).
Dosymbayeva, A. M., Nuskabay, A. 2012. Kumay turktіk arheologiyalyk-etnografiyalyk kesheni (Turkic archaeological and ethnographic complex Kumay). Аstana (in Kazakh, Russian, English).
Zuev, Yu. А. 1992. In: Izvestiya Akademii nauk Respubliki Kazahstan (News of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan), 5, 26-38 (in Russian).
Ermolaeva, A. S. 2012. Pamyatniki predgornoj zony Kazahskogo Altaya (epoha bronzy – rannee zhelezo) (Monuments of the foothill zone of the Kazakh Altai (Bronze Age – Early Iron Age). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Komar, A. V. 2006. In: Evglevskiy A. V. (ed.). Stepi Evropy v epohu srednevekovya. Т. 5 (Steppes of Europe in the Middle Ages. Vol. 5). Donetsk: Donetsk National University, 245-374 (in Russian).
Komar, A. V. 2013. In: Botalov, S. G., Kradin, N. N., Lyubchanskij I. E. (eds.). Gunnskiy forum. Problemy proiskhozhdeniya i identifikacii kultury evraziyskih gunnov (Hun forum. Problems of the Origin and Identification of the Culture of the Eurasian Huns). Chelyabinsk: South Ural State University, 88-109 (in Russian).
Kubarev, G. V. 2005. Kultura drevnih tyurok Altaya (po materialam pogrebalnyh pamyatnikov) (The culture of the ancient Turks of the Altai (based on funerary monuments)). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and ethnography SB RAS (in Russian).
Kukushkin, I. A., Loman, V. G., Kukushkin, A. I., Dmitriev, E. A., Shariyazdanov, O. K. 2019. In: Altaistika, tyurkologiya, mongolistika (Altaistics, Turkology, Mongolian studies), 1, 49-128 (in Russian).
Kumekov, B. Е. 1990. In: Litvinsky, B. A., Zhdanko, T. A. (eds.). In: Problemy etnogeneza i etnicheskoy istorii narodov Sredney Azii i Kazahstana. Vyp. 2. Istoriya i arheologiya (Problems of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Iss. 2. History and archaeology). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 119-130 (in Russian).
Lukpanova, Ya. A. 2014. In: Onggaruly, A. (ed.). In: Vsadniki Velikoy stepi. Trudy Filiala Instituta arheologii im. A.Kh. Margulana v g. Astana. T. IV (Horsemans of the Great Steppe. Proceedings of the Branch of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana. Vol. IV). Аstana: Branch of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 149-160 (in Russian).
Mamadakov, Yu. T., Kungurov, A. L., Chekurashev, A. G., Barzynov, Ya. R. 2017. In: Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovaniy (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 2 (18), 30-40 (in Russian).
Molodin, V. I., Savinov, D. G., Elagin, V. S. 1981. In: Troitskaya, T. N. (ed.). In: Problemy zapadnosibirskoy arheologii epohi zheleza (Problems of West Siberian archaeology of the Iron Age). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ., 123-137 (in Russian).
Motov, Yu. A. 2001. In: Maryashev, A. N., Motov, Yu. A. (eds.). Istoriya i arheologiya Semirechiya. Vyp. 3 (History and archaeology of Semirechye. Iss. 3). Аlmaty: Public Fund "Rodnichok", 142-149 (in Russian).
Nikolaev, V. S., Dzyubas, S. A., Belonenko, V. V. 2002. In: Harinskiy, A. V. (ed.). Arheologicheskoe nasledie Bajkalskoj Sibiri: izuchenie, ohrana i ispolzovanie. Vyp. 2 (Archaeological heritage of Baikal Siberia: study, protection and use. Iss. 2). Irkutsk: Institute of Geography SB RAS, 85-100 (in Russian).
Ovchinnikova, B. B. 1990. Tyurkskie drevnosti Sayano-Altaya v VI–X vekah (Turkic Antiquities of Sayan-Altai in the 6th–10th centuries). Sverdlovsk: Uralsk State University (in Russian).
Savinov, D. G. 1996. In: Shamshin, A. B. (ed.). In: Aktualnye voprosy sibirskoj arheologii. Barnaul: Altai University, 16-20 (in Russian).
Savinov, D. G. 1998. In: Ebel, A. V. (ed.). Drevnosti Altaya. Vyp. 3 (Antiquities of Altai. Iss. 3). Gorno-Altaisk: Gorno-Altaisk State University, 175-190 (in Russian).
Savinov, D. G. 2005. In: Klyashtorny, S. G., Savinov, D. G. Stepnye imperii drevney Evrazii (Steppe empires of ancient Eurasia). Saint Petersburg: Faculty of Philology, St. Petersburg State University (in Russian).
Samashev, Z. 2022. In: Teoriya i praktika arheologicheskih issledovaniy (Theory and practice of archaeological research), 4, 163–190 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z., Grigoriev, F., Jumabekova, G. 2005. Drevnosti Almaty (Antiquities of Almaty). Almaty: Kazizdat KT (in Russian).
Seregin, N. N., 2013. In: Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Izestiya of Altai State University), 4-1 (80), 194-198 (in Russian).
Seregin, N. N., Shelepova, E. V. 2015. Tyurkskie ritualnye kompleksy Altaya (2-ya polovina I tys. n.e.): sistematizaciya, analiz, interpretaciya (Turkic ritual complexes of Altai (2nd half of the 1st millennium AD): systematization, analysis, interpretation). Barnaul: “Azbuka” Publ. (in Russian).
Tishkin, A. A., Dashkovskiy, P. K., Gorbunov, V. V. 2004. In: Problemy arheologii, etnologii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnyh territoriy. T. X (Problems of archaeology, ethnology, anthropology of Siberia and adjacent territories. Vol. X). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and ethnography SB RAS, 410-415 (in Russian).
Tkachev, A. A., Tkachev, Al. Al. 2022. In: Arheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia), 3, 107-118 (in Russian).
Toktabay, A. 2004. Kult konya u kazahov (The cult of the horse among the Kazakhs). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Trifonov, Yu. I. 1987. In: Akishev, K. A. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki v zone zatopleniya Shulbinskoy gidroelektrostantsii (Archaeological sites in the flood zone of the Shulba hydroelectric power station). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ., 115-129 (in Russian).
Trifonov, Yu. I., Akhinjanov, S. M. 1987. In: Akishev, K. A. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki v zone zatopleniya Shulbinskoy gidroelektrostantsii (Archaeological sites in the flood zone of the Shulba hydroelectric power station). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ., 168-176 (in Russian).
Trifonov, Yu. I., Ermolaeva, A. S. 1987. In: Akishev, K. A. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki v zone zatopleniya Shulbinskoy gidroelektrostantsii (Archaeological sites in the flood zone of the Shulba hydroelectric power station). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ., 135-141 (in Russian).
Trifonov, Yu. I., Samashev, Z. S. 1987. In: Akishev, K. A. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki v zone zatopleniya Shulbinskoy gidroelektrostantsii (Archaeological sites in the flood zone of the Shulba hydroelectric power station). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ., 176-215 (in Russian).
Tulegenov, T., Besetayev, B., Khassenova, B. 2021. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 4 (14), 121-133 (in English).
Hajyndyrynmaj Bagaj-ool, 1994. In: Tuvinskie narodnye skazki (Tuva folk tales). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ., 50-225 (in Tuvan, Russian).
Khassenova, B. M. 2017. In: Bazarbayeva, G. A., Jumabekova, G. S. (eds.). Kultura naseleniya Turgaya i sopredelnykh regionov: chelovek i epokha (Culture of the population of Turgay and adjacent regions: man and era). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 51-98 (in Russian).
Khassenova, B. M., Khabdulina, M. K. 2017. In: Povolzhskaya arheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology), 4 (22), 297-309 (in Russian).
Khudyakov, Yu. S. 1986. Vooruzhenie srednevekovyh kochevnikov Yuzhnoy Sibiri i Tsentralnoy Azii (Armament of medieval nomads of South Siberia and Central Asia). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Khudyakov, Yu. S., Tabaldiev, K. Sh. 2009. Drevnie tyurki na Altae (Ancient Turks in Altai). Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and ethnography SB RAS (in Russian).
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2023 Логвин А.В., Хасенова Б.М., Шевнина И.В.
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
