Археологические исследования ХІХ–ХХ вв. в нижнем течении Сырдарьи
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.3.21.48.67Ключевые слова:
археология, Сырдарья, Хорезмская археологическая этнографическая экспедиция, Чирик-Рабатская археологическая экспедиция, стоянка, поселение, город, крепость, некрополь, мавзолейАннотация
В статье представлены результаты археологических раскопок и исследований, проведенных в нижнем течении реки Сырдарья в ХІХ–ХХ вв. Основая цель проведённой работы – всестороннее изучение, систематизация и анализ научных работ, связанных с археологическими исследованиями района в этот период. Авторами выполнен сравнительный анализ результатов исследований учёных XIX и XX вв. В результате было установлено, что в ХІХ в. вследствии реализации колониальной политики царского режима были организованы специальные экспедиции, которые возглавлялись военными чиновниками П. Рычковым, М. Мейером, А.И. Левшиным, А.И. Макшеевым, В.В. Григорьевым, П.И. Лерхом, В.В. Верещагиным. Результаты работ экспедиций отражают данные о географических особенностях, местоположении археологических памятников и их характеристику. Позднее эти сведения были дополнены членами Туркестанского кружка любителей археологии. Среди исследователей нижнего течения реки Сырдарья особый вклад внесла деятельность Хорезмской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Члены экспедиции, в составе которой были археологи, топографы, почвоведы, геоморфологи и др., в период с 1946 по 1991 годы выявили и провели исследования более двухсот археологических памятников. Среди них: города, поселения, крепости, отдельные помещения, стоянки, места захоронения. Таким образом, были изучены данные о культуре, быте и хозяйстве народов, населявших обозначенный регион; представлены выводы о датировке памятников.
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