Қазақстандағы археозоологияның қалыптасуы туралы (Л.А. Макарованың туғанына 90 жыл толуына орай)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2021.4.14.148.169Түйін сөздер:
археология, археозоология, Қазақстан, Л.А. Макарова, остеология, мал шаруашылығы, аңшылықАннотация (түйіндеме)
Мақалада Лидия Александровна Макарованың Қазақстан археозоологиясының дамуына қосқан үлесі қарастырылады. Л.А. Макарованың өмірі мен қызметіне қатысты мәліметтердің қысқаша сипаттамасы беріледі. Л.А. Макарова отандық археологияда ең алғашқы болып жануар сүйектерін зерттеп, ежелгі ортағасырлардағы мал шаруашылығы мен аңшылықтың ролі туралы мәселелерді қарастырды. Осы мақалада оның археозоологиялық зерттеулеріне арналған еңбектеріне шолу жасалынады. Еңбектері хронологиялық негізде қарастырылып, бірқатар тұжырымдарына салыстырмалы талдау жүргізілді. Л.А. Макарованың еңбектеріндегі археозоологиялық деректер (сүйектердің саны, сақталу жағдайы және т. б.) Ә.Х. Марғұлан ат. Археология институтының архивінде сақталған деректермен салыстырылып, жүйелі түрда сараптама жасалды. Л.А. Макарова зерттеген остеологиялық материалдар негізінде ескерткіштер картасы жасалды. Зерттеудің аумақтық жағынан да, хронологиялық жағынан да ауқымы кең. Қарастырылған ескерткіштердің ішінде мезолит-неолитпен мерзімделетін Қараүңгір, Виноградовка XIV тұрағы, неолит-энеолит кезеңдерімен мерзімделетін Шалқия 1 және Тельман тұрақтары және қола – ерте темір дәуірлерімен мерзімделетін көптеген қоныстар мен қорымдар, ортағасырлық қалалар (Отырар, Күлтөбе және Талғар) бар. Л.А. Макарованың жасаған ғылыми тұжырымдары сараланып, кейінгі зерттеулермен салыстырмалы түрде талданады.
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