Солтүстік Қазақстандағы қола дәуірі тұрғындарының мал шаруашылығы
(Шағалалы ІІ қонысының материалдары бойынша)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.4.22.212.242Түйін сөздер:
археология, архезооология, Солтүстік Қазақстан, қола дәуірі, Шағалалы ІІ қонысыАннотация (түйіндеме)
Шағалалы ІІ қонысынан табылған остеологиялық материалдарды археозоологиялық талдаудың нәтижелері алғаш рет ғылыми айналымға енгізіліп отыр. Зерттеудің мақсаты Солтүстік Қазақстан өңіріндегі қола дәуірі тұрғындарының шаруашылығындағы жануар түрлерін анықтау және салыстырмалы талдау жүргізу болып табылады. Жұмыс барысында үй және палеофаунаның түрлік құрамы анықталып, малдың экстерьерлік және жас сипаты бағаланды. 2351 жануар сүйегі зерттеліп, 1883 сүйек нақты түрге ажыратылды. Остеологиялық материалдардың ішінде үй жануарлары басымдық танытады (77,9%), сонымен қатар жабайы жануарлар (2,2%) мен құс сүйектері де кездеседі. Үй жануарларының ішінде қой және ешкі сүйектерінің мөлшері – 46,9%. Екінші орында – ірі қара сүйектері (42,9%), үшінші орында – жылқы (8,1%). Аз мөлшерде түйе және ит сүйектері де кездесіп отыр. Сүйек материалдардың құрамы мен оның жіктелу дәрежесі қойлар 2 мен 4 жас аралығында, ірі қара малдар 2,5 жасында сойылғанын көрсетеді. Жылқылардың басым бөлігі ересек және кәрі жаста сойылған. Үй жануарларын қоныс территориясында сойды және бөлшектеді. Археозоологиялық зерттеу нәтижелері аймақтың қола дәуірі тұрғындарының мал шаруашылығы туралы маңызды ақпарат көзін құрайды.
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Author's field researches
Uakhitov Shokan. Born in 1992. Pavlodar region, Sharbaktinsky district, Malinovka village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Abdrakhmanov Meiram. Born in 1981. Karaganda region, Shetsky district, Akkiyak village. The manager of the farm "Adilet". Cattle breeder with 25 years of experience.
Zhapparov Arman. Born in 1991. Karaganda region, Shetsky district, Taldy village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Ansagan Hamituly. Born in 1968. Kostanay region. A cattleman with 30 years of experience.
Madiyarov Nurgali. Born in 1981. Zhambyl region, Talas region. Cattle breeder with 25 years of experience.
Baibatshaev Yesen. Born in 1987. Turkestan region, Baydibek district, Shakpak village. Manager of a private peasant farm. A cattleman with 20 years of experience.
Tulbasiev Bauyrzhan. Born in 1987. Turkestan region, Baydibek district, Shakpak village. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
Turganbek Abdykalykov. Born in 1968. Kyzylorda region, Syrdarya district, Karaozek village. A cattleman with 40 years of experience.
Tengizbayev Anet. Born in 1987. Mangystau region, Mangystau district, Ondy village. A cattleman with 20 years of experience.
Nursapanov Ulan. Born in 1992. Jetusy region, Alakolsky district. A cattleman with 15 years of experience.
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