Памятники эпохи бронзы Жетысу: результаты апробации метода геопространственного моделирования
(Юго-Восточный Казахстан)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2024.1.23.154.179Ключевые слова:
археология, ГИС, тепловые карты, ландшафт, топография, планиграфия, эпоха бронзы, поселение, могильник, петроглифы, комплексАннотация
Работа посвящена анализу дистанционных и натурных исследований тополандшафтных особенностей памятников эпохи бронзы Жетысу. В исследовании применён метод геопространственного моделирования процессов освоения древним населением различных географических зон: полупустынной степной, предгорной, среднегорья и высокогорья. Анализ позволяет реконструировать систему расселения людей в бронзовом веке, формы ведения хозяйства, соответствующих природно-климатическим условиям различных микрорайонов обширной территории, моделях социальных связей и взаимодействия древних сообществ. На основе данных географического расположения и комплексного изучения памятников эпохи бронзы составлена археологическая карта, основным массивом которой является 393 объекта: поселения и стоянки, могильники, скопления петроглифов, горные выработки, клады и случайные находки. Количество памятников позволяет представить степень изученности данной территории и свидетельствует об активном освоении всех экологических ниш от полупустынной до высокогорной с разделением на зоны преимущественного развития земледельческого и скотоводческого хозяйства. Статистический анализ показывает их наибольшую концентрацию в предгорной зоне Илейского (Заилийского), Кунгей, Жетысу (Джунгарского) Алатау и в горных ущельях Шу-Илейского междуречья.
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