Sites of the Bronze Age of Zhetysu: results of testing the geospatial modeling method
(South-East Kazakhstan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2024.1.23.154.179Keywords:
archaeology, GIS, heat maps, landscape, topography, planography, Bronze Age, settlement, burial ground, petroglyphs, complexAbstract
The work is dedicated to the analysis of remote and field studies of the topographic features of the sites of the Bronze Age in Zhetysu. The research uses the method of spatial modeling of historical processes, focusing on the ancient population's development in various geographical areas: semi-arid steppe, lowlands, middle mountains, and highlands. This analysis allows us to reconstruct human settlement patterns in the Bronze Age, as well as the farming systems that corresponded to the natural and climate conditions of specific microregions in a vast territory. It also provides insight into social relationships and interactions among ancient communities. Based on the data of the geographical location and comprehensive study of the sites of the Bronze Age, an archaeological map has been compiled, the main array of which is 393 objects: settlements and parking lots, burial grounds, clusters of petroglyphs, mine workings, treasures and accidental finds. The number of sites allows us to imagine the degree of study of this territory and indicates the active development of all ecological niches from semi-desert to high-altitude, divided into zones of preferential development of agricultural and cattle breeding. Statistical analysis shows their highest concentration in the foothill zone of the Ile (Zailiysky), Kungey, Zhetysu (Dzungarian) Alatau and in the mountain gorges of the Shu-Ile interfluve.
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