Жетісудың қола дәуірі ескерткіштері: геокеңістікте модельдеу әдісін апробациялау нәтижелері
(Оңтүстік-Шығыс Қазақстан)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2024.1.23.154.179Түйін сөздер:
археология, ГАЖ, жылу карталары, ландшафт, топография, планиграфия, қола дәуірі, қоныс, қорым, петроглифтер, кешенАннотация (түйіндеме)
Жұмыс Жетісудың қола дәуірі ескерткіштерінің тополандшафтық ерекшеліктерін қашықтан және натуралық зерттеуді талдауға арналған. Зерттеуде ежелгі тұрғындардың әртүрлі географиялық аймақтарды: шөлейт дала, тау бөктері, орташа таулы және биік таулы аймақтарды игеру үрдістерін геокеңістікте модельдеу әдісі қолданылды. Талдау қола дәуіріндегі адамдарды қоныстандыру жүйесін, ауқымды аумақтағы әртүрлі шағынаудандардың табиғи-климаттық жағдайларына, әлеуметтік байланыстар мен ежелгі қауымдастықтардың өзара әрекеттесу модельдеріне сәйкес келетін шаруашылық жүргізу формаларын жаңғыртуға мүмкіндік береді. Қола дәуірі ескерткіштерінің географиялық орналасуы мен оларды кешенді зерттеу деректері негізіне сүйене отырып, ауқымына 393 нысан қамтылған археологиялық карта жасалды. Олар: қоныстар мен тұрақтар, қорымдар, петроглифтердің шоғырлары, тау-кен қазбалары, көмбелер мен кездейсоқ олжалар. Ескерткіштердің саны осы аумақтың қаншалықты зерттелгенін көрсетуге мүмкіндік береді және егіншілік пен малшаруашылығы басым дамыған аймақтарды бөле отырып, шөлейттен бастап биік таулы жерлерге дейінгі экологиялық орындардың қарқынды игерілгенін көрсетеді. Статистикалық талдау олардың Іле, Күнгей, Жетісу (Жоңғар) Алатауының бөктерлерінде және Шу-Іле өзенаралығының шатқалдарында көп шоғырланғанын көрсетеді.
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