Medieval tortkul Akaryk: researchers of 2022
(South Kazakhstan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.2.20.186.202Keywords:
archaeology, archaeozoology, Talas valley, tortkul Akaryk, structure, cultural layer, ceramics, archeological periodization, paleofauna, economyAbstract
Authors in the article examines the results of archaeological excavations of the site of Akaryk tortkul. Conclusions about the structure, chronology and functions of medieval sites types of tortkuls in the Talas Valley are still not scientifically substantiated. Important is the excavation of medieval tortkuls and the comprehensive study of archaeological materials. The purpose of the research work is to determine the function and chronology of the monument based on the studies of ceramic and osteological materials found in the excavations of tortkul Akaryk. The purpose of the study is to excavate the Akaryk tortkul, archaeozoological analysis of osteological materials and determine the chronology and functions of the tortkul. As a result of excavations (trenches), on the tortkul, it was established that the thickness of its cultural layer was over 1.5 m and that the internal construction wall was located parallel to the external defensive wall. The vast majority of ceramics studied are kitchen vessels. Tortkul Akaryk ceramic was analyzed in comparison with ceramic materials of medieval sites located in Talas Valley, Zhetysu and South Kazakhstan. Results showed that the settlement existed in the 11th–12th centuries. Archaeozoological analyses of animal bones show that there were all types of domestic animals on the farm of tortkul residents. Among osteological materials, the share of domestic ungulates is 98%. Among pets, bones belonging to small cattle predominate. Animal bones are highly fragmented and are typical "kitchen leftovers".
References
Ageeva, E. I. 1962. In: Ageeva, E. I. (ed.). Arheologicheskie issledovaniya na Severnyh sklonah Karatau (Archaeological research on the Northern slopes of Karatau). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ., 97-215 (in Russian).
Akymbek, E. Sh., Shagirbayev, M. S. 2020. In: Kazakstan arheologiasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (8), 114-122 (in Kazakh).
Akymbek, E. Sh., Shagirbayev, M. S. 2021. In: Kazakstan arheologiasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 1 (11), 72-110 (in Kazakh).
Akymbek, E. Sh., Shagirbayev, M. S. 2022. In: Kazakstan arheologiasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2 (16), 136-154 (in Kazakh).
Akymbek, E. Sh., Shagyrbaev, M. S., Nurgali, N. B. 2022а. In: Zhumatayev, R. S. (ed). XIV Orazbaevskie chteniya (14th Orazbayev Readings). Almaty: “Kazakh University” Publ., 22-43 (in Kazakh).
Akymbek, E. Sh., Shagyrbaev, M. S., Nurgali, N. B. 2022б. In: Onggaruly, A., Baitanayev, B., Sitdikov, A., Voyakin, D. (eds.). Euraziya dalasy arheologiyasy V halykaralyk kongresіnіn materialdary (Materials of the 5th International Congress of Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe). In 5 vol. Vol. 3. Almaty; Turkestan: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 157-168 (in Kazakh).
Alipcheev, S., Baibosynov, K. 1982. Svod pamyatnikov istorii i kultury Dzhambulskoy oblasti (The official list of historical and cultural monuments of the Jambul region). Jambul: Jambul Regional Museum of Local history Publ. (in Russian).
Ageeva, E. I. Akishev, K.A. Kushaev G.A. et al. (compl.). Arheologicheskaya karta Kazahstana (Archaeological map of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (in Russian).
Baipakov, K. M. 1998. Srednevekovye goroda Kazahstana na Velikom Shelkovom puti (Medieval cities of Kazakhstan on the Great Silk Road). Almaty: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Baipakov, K. M. 2013. Drevnyaya i srednevekovaya urbanizatsiya Kazahstana (po materialam issledovaniy Yuzhno-Kazahstanskoy kompleksnoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii) (Ancient and medieval urbanization of Kazakhstan (based on the research materials of the South Kazakhstan Complex Archaeological Expedition)). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Bartold, V. V. 1966. In: Vinnikov, I. N. (ed.). Sochineniya (Essays). Vol. VI. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ (in Russian).
Bubnova, M. A. 1963. In: Kozhemyako, P. N. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Talasskoy doliny (Archaeological sites of the Talas Valley). Frunze: “Ilim” Publ., 225–262 (in Russian).
Amzeuly, A., Baipakov, K. M., Daurenbekov, K. K. (compl.). Zhambyl oblysy tarih zhane madeniet eskertkіshterіnіn Zhinagy. Baizak audany (Collection of historical and cultural monuments of Zhambyl region. Baizak district). Almaty: Department of culture of Zhambyl region (in Russian).
Kasenov, M. S. 2015. Talas onіrіnіn otyrykshylyk madenietі (VІ–VІІІ gg.) (Settlement culture of the Talas Region (6th–13th centuries)). Atyrau: Atyrau Dosmukhamedov State University (in Kazakh).
Kozhemyako, P. N. 1963. In: Kozhemyako, P. N. (ed.). Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Talasskoy doliny (Archaeological sites of the Talas Valley). Frunze: “Ilim” Publ., 145-225 (in Russian).
Kuznetsova, O. V., Savelieva, T. V. 2019. Goncharnoe remeslo v srednevekovom Talgare. Albom (Pottery in medieval Talgar. Album). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Bernshtam, A. N. (ed.). Trudy Semirechenskoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii (1936–1938 gg.). Talasskaya dolina (Proceedings of the Semirechensk Archaeological expedition (1936–1938). Talas Valley). Alma-Ata: Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (in Russian).
Nurzhanov, A. A., Akymbek, E. Sh. 2012. In: Izvestiya Natsionalnoy akademii nauk RK (News of the National Academy of Sciences RK), 3, 94-107 (in Russian).
Patsevich, G. I. 1954. Istoricheskaya topografiya gorodov i poseleniya Yuga Kazahstana VII–XV v.v. (po arheologicheskim dannym) (Historical topography of cities and settlements of the South of Kazakhstan in the 19th–20th century (according to archaeological data)). Moscow: Institute for the History of Material Culture (in Russian).
Petrenko, A. G. 1984. Drevnee i srednevekovoe zhivotnovodstvo srednego Povolzhiya i Preduraliya (Ancient and medieval animal husbandry of the Middle Volga river region and the Urals). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Baipakov, K. M. (ed.). Svod pamyatnikov istorii i kultury Respubliki Kazahstan. Zhambylskaya oblast (The official list of the historical and cultural monuments of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Zhambyl region). Vol. 2. Almaty: Republican State Enterprise Scientific Research and Design Institute of Monuments of Material Culture (in Russian).
Trifonov, V. A., Shaimuratova, D. N., Asylgaraeva, G. Sh., Monahov, S. P., Molodtseva, A. S., Askeev, A. O., Askeev, I. V., Askeev, O. V. 2021. In: Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology), 1 (35), 179-186 (in Russian).
Tsalkin, V. I. 1961. In: Byuleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdel biologiya (Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Nature Testers. Department of Biology), vol. 66. Issue 5, 115-132 (in Russian).
Shagirbayev, M. S., Utubayev, Zh. R. 2019. In: Kazakstan arheologiasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 4 (6), 79-116 (in Kazakh).
Shagirbayev, M. S. 2020. In: Kazakstan arheologiasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 1 (7), 161-167 (in Kazakh).
Shalekenov, U. Kh. 1984. In: Archive of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology. F. 11, op. 2, d. 1957 (in Russian).
Silver, I. A. 1969. In: Science in Archaelogy. Basic books, Inc., Publishers. New York, 250-268.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Yeraly Akymbek, Mambet Shagirbayev, Nesipbay Nurgali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
