THE STRUCTURE OF SETTLE MENTS OF JETYSU IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2018.1-2.1-2.86.105Keywords:
archaeology, Jetysu, mountain zone, bronze age, tradition, culture, settlement, economy, life, dwelling, house-building, crafts, cattle breeding, agricultureAbstract
This article is devoted to the generalization of the results of researches of settlements and the development of economic and cultural traditions, which were associated with the production activities of the ancient population of the late Bronze Age in the territory of Jetysu. Historical development of ancient cultures of the Bronze Age in the region at the turn of the XIV–XIII centuries BC, the change of the cultural traditions of tribes of the Andronovo circle in the cultural commonality of Multirole ceramics culture. Modifications have occurred, first of all, in the economic and socio-cultural sphere. As the result the nature of housing construction and the development of household crafts and crafts are changed. In General, large settlements disappear, and in their place there are a series of smaller dwellings (up to 4-5 houses) settlements. During preserving the cultural continuity of traditions in the economy of the Andronovo time the settings and layout of dwellings of frame-pole construction are modified. During the Bronze Age Jetysu population have been kept complex economy, which led to the formation of the system of management with the division into zones of preferential development of agriculture and cattle breeding. There are groups of clans and tribes (monuments of Bien and Kolsay type), who occupied more stable ecological niche of mountain and foothill areas of Jetysu. The gradual specialization of handicraft production and mutually beneficial commodity exchange contributed to the welfare of the population, the increase in the territories covered by economic activity of people, and, as a consequence, the growth of the population during this period and the complexity of their social system.
References
Avanesova, N. A. 1991. Kul’tura pastusheskih plemen epohi bronzy aziatskoj chasti SSSR (po metallicheskim izdeliyam) (Culture of pastoral tribes of the Bronze Age of the Asian part of the USSR (metal products)). Tashkent: “Fan” Publ. (in Russian).
Berdenov, S. A. 1998. In Voprosy arheologii Kazahstana (Issues of Kazakhstan archaeology), 2. Almaty–Moscow: “Gylym” Publ., 180-191 (in Russian).
Varfolomeev, V. V. 1987. In Voprosy periodizacii arheologicheskih pamyatnikov Central’nogo i Severnogo Kazahstana (Issues of periodization of archaeological monuments of Central and Northern Kazakhstan). Karaganda: Karaganda State University Publ., 56-68 (in Russian).
Gass A., Goryachev, A. A., 2016. In Vestnik Novosibirsk State University: Seriya istoriya, filologiya, 5, 85-123 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A. 2013. In Beisenov, A. Z. (ed.) Begazy-Dandybayevskaya kultura Stepnoi Evrazii: k 65-letiyu J. Kurmankulova (Begazy-Dandybay culture of Steppe Eurasia: to 65th anniversary of J. Kurmankulov). Almaty: “Begazy-Tasmola”, 348-370 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A. 2014. In Baitanayev, B. A., Baipakov, K. M. (eds.) Voshozhdenie k vershinam arkheologii (Ascension to the crowns of archaeology). Almaty: Archaeology Institute after A.Kh. Margulan, 84-92 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A., Chernov, M. A. 2007. In Istoriya i arheologiya Semirech’ya (History and archeology of Semirechye). Almaty: Fund “Rodnichok”, 106-119 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A., Potapov, S. A., 2015. In Baitanayev, B. A. (ed.) Kazahskoe hanstvo v potoke istorii (Kazakh khanate intheflow of history). Almaty: Archaeology Institute after A.Kh. Margulan, 342-351 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A., Saraev, V. V. 2015. In Izvestiya NAN RK. Seriya obshchestvennyh i gumanitarnyh nauk (Izvestiya National Academy of Science of Republic of Kazakhstan), 6 (304), 5-18 (in Russian).
Zakh, V. A. 1997. Epoha bronzy Prisalair’ya (The Bronze Age in Salair Ridge). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Zdanovich, G. B. 1988. Bronzovyi vek Uralo-Kazahstanskih stepei (The Bronze age of the Ural-Kazakh steppes). Sverdlovsk: Ural Federal University Publ. (in Russian).
Itina, M. A. 1977. In Trudy Horezmskoi arheologo-ehtnograficheskoi ehkspedicii (The works of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition). Moscow: “Nauka” (in Russian).
Kadyrbayev, M. K., Kurmankulov, J. K. 1992. Kul’tura drevnih skotovodov i metallurgov Sary-Arki (po materialam Severnoj Betpak-Daly) (The culture of the Ancient herders and metallurgists of the Sary-Arka (on materials of Northern Betpak-Dala)). Alma-Ata: “Gylym” Publ. (in Russian).
Karabaspakova, K. M. 1987. In Voprosy periodizacii arheologicheskih pamyatnikov Central’nogo i Severnogo Kazahstana (Issues of periodization of archaeological monuments of Central and Northern Kazakhstan). Karaganda: Karaganda State University Publ., 90-101 (in Russian).
Karabaspakova, K. M. 2011. Jetysu i Yuzhnyi Kazahstan v epohu bronzy (Jetysu and Southern Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age). Almaty: “Begazy-Tasmola”; Institute of archaeology after A. Kh. Margulan (in Russian).
Kostyukov, V. P., Epimakhov, A. V., Nelin, D. V. 1995. In Drevnie indoiranskie kul’tury Volgo-Ural’ya (II tys. do n.e.) (The Ancient Indo-Iranian culture of Volga-Ural (second Millennium BC). Samara: Samara State University Publ., 156-207 (in Russian).
Kuzmina, E. E. Otkuda prishli indoarii? Material’naya kul’tura plemen andronovskoj obshchnosti i proiskhozhdenie indoirancev. (Where did Indo-Aryans come from? The material culture of the tribes Andronovo community and the origin of the Indo-Iranians). Moscow (in Russian).
Loman, V. G. 1987. In Voprosy periodizacii arheologicheskih pamyatnikov Central’nogo i Severnogo Kazahstana (Questions of periodization of the archaeological monuments of Central and Northern Kazakhstan). Karaganda: Karaganda State University Publ., 115-129 (in Russian).
Maksimenkov, A. G. 1978. Andronovskaya kul’tura na Enisee (Andronovo culture on the Yenisei river). Leningrad: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mandelshtam, A. M. 1968. In Trudy Tadzhikskoj arheologicheskoj ehkspedicii instituta Arheologii AN SSS R i instituta istorii im. A. Donisha AN Tadzhikskoj SS R (Proceedings of the Tajik archaeological expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the USSR and the Institute of history after A. Donish of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SS R). Leningrad: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh., Akishev, K. A., Kadyrbayev, M. K., Orazbayev, A. M. 1966. Drevnyaya kul’tura Central’nogo Kazahstana (Ancient culture of Central Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Maryashev, A. N ., Goryachev, A. A. 1993. In Rossiyskaya arkheologiya (Russian archaeology), 1, 5-20 (in Russian).
Maryashev, A. N , Goryachev, A. A. 2001. In Istoriya i arheologiya Semirech’ya, (History and archaeology of Semirechie), 2. Almaty: Fund «Rodnichok», 112-123 (in Russian).
Maryashev, A. N ., Frachetti, M. 2007. In Istoriya i arheologiya Semirech’ya, (History and archaeology of Semirechie), 3. Almaty: Fund «Rodnichok», 100-105 (in Russian).
Matveev, V. 1993. Irmenskaya kul'tura v lesostepnom Priob'e (Irmen culture in the forest-steppe Ob). Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State University Publ. (in Russian).
Molodin, V. I . 1985. Baraba v epohu bronzy (Baraba in the Bronze Age). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Salnikov, K. V. 1954. In Sovetskaya arkheologiya (Soviet Archaeology), XX, 213-252. (in Russian).
Saraev, V. V., Goryachev A. A. 2011. In Izvestija NAN RK. Series of social Sciences (News of National Academy of Sciences of Pepublic of Kazakhstan), 3, 37-47 (in Russian).
Sitnikov, S. M. 1998. Drevnie poseleniya Altaya (Ancient settlements of Altay). Barnaul: Altay State University Publ., 71-84 (in Russian).
Frachetti, M. D., Maryashev, A. N ., Doumani, P. N . 2014. In Izvestija NAN RK. Series of social Sciences (News of National Academy of Sciences of Pepublic of Kazakhstan), 5 (295), 15-22 (in Russian).
Chernikov, S. S . 1960. Vostochnyi Kazahstan v epohu bronzy. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii (East Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. Materials and researches in archaeology), 88. Leningrad: “Nauka” (in Russian).
Chernyh, E. N . 1983. Bronzovyi vek stepnoi polosy Uralo-Irtyshskogo mezhdurech’ya (Bronze Age of the steppe zone of the Ural-Irtysh interfluve). Chelyabinsk: Bashkir State University Publ., 81-99.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Goryachev Alexander A.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
