Reconstruction of the Toksabay settlement dwelling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2023.4.22.197.211Keywords:
archeology, Bronze Age, Northeastern Caspian Sea, settlement, Toksanbai, architecture, dwelling, tradition, reconstruction, 3D modelingAbstract
Man has always needed a reliable shelter from the elements and wild animals, and has always sought to create a comfortable home for himself. Human habitation was formed and evolved with the development of society, economy and socio-economic relations. As a result of many years of research on the settlements of the Bronze Age of the Northeastern Caspian Sea the remains of structures have been identified, the study of the design features of which formed the basis of this work [Лошакова 2020]. This paper presents the result of the reconstruction of dwelling No. 2 of the Toksanbai settlement in 3D format. The article provides an archaeological description of the reconstruction object, examines the construction materials used, analyzes the techniques of housing construction, elements of structures, the shape and size of the excavation, the system of arrangement of pillar holes in the floor of the room, techniques for roof construction.
References
Antonov, M. A. 2021. In: Onggaruly, A., Baitanayev, B. A., Mamirov, T. B. (eds.). Margulanovskie chteniya–2021 (Margulan readings–2021). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 153-158 (in Russian).
Astafiev, A. E. 2006. In: Vasilyeva, I. N. (ed.). Voprosy arheologii Povolzhiya (Issues of archaeology of the Volga river region), 4. Samara: “Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy tsentr” Publ., 161-185 (in Russian).
Astafiev, A. E., Bogdanov, E. S. 2023. Pogrebalno-pominalnyi kompleks Altynkazgan (III – pervaya polovina VI v.) (Altynkazgan Funeral and memorial complex (3rd – the first half of the 6th century). Materialy i issledovaniya po arheologii Kazahstana (Materials and research on the archaeology of Kazakhstan). Vol. XVIII. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology (in Russian).
Balandina, G., Astafiev, A. 1996. In: Tkachev, V. V. (ed.). Voprosy arheologii Zapadnogo Kazahstana (Issues of archaeology of Western Kazakhstan). Samara: Aktobe Regional State Inspectorate of Historical and Cultural Heritage, 133-155 (in Russian).
Viktorov, S. V. 1971. Pustynya Ustyurt i voprosy ee osvoeniya (Ustyurt desert and issues of its development). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Goryachev, A. A. 2018. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 1–2, 86-105. DOI:10.52967/akz2018.1-2.1-2.86.105 (in Russian).
Gryaznov, M. P. 1965. In: Krupnov, E. I. (ed.). Novoe v sovetskoy arheologii (MIA, 130) (New in Soviet archaeology. (Materials and researches on archaeology – 130)). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Yerzhanova, A., Loshakova, T. 2022. In: Vestnik Kazahskogo natsionalnogo universiteta imeni al Farabi. Seriya istoricheskaya (Journal of history), 3, 227-235. DOI: 10.26577/JH.2022.v106.i3.023 (in Russian).
Loshakova, T. N. 2020. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 4, 47-69. DOI: 10.52967/akz2020.4.10.47.69 (in Russian).
Loshakova, T. N. 2022. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 4, 73-83. DOI: 10.52967/akz2022.4.18.73.83 (in Russian).
Loshakova, T .N., Usachuk, A. N. 2023. In: Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2, 166-185. DOI: 10.52967/akz2023.2.20.166.185 (in Russian).
Molodin, V. I., Glushkov, I. G. 1989. Samuskaya kultura v Verhnem Priobie (Samus culture in the Upper Ob river region). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Orazbayev, A. M. 1970. In: Kadyrbayev, M. K. (ed.). Po sledam drevnikh kultur Kazahstana (In the footsteps of ancient cultures of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ., 129-146 (in Russian).
Sakenov, S. K. 2018. In: Bissembaev, A. A. (ed.). Margulanovskie chteniya–2018 (Margulan readings–2018), 146-154 (in Russian).
Sakenov, S. S. 2020. In: Mir Bolshogo Altaya (World of Great Altai), 6, 851-860 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z., Ermolaeva, A. S., Loshakova, T. N. 2001. In: Kolev, Yu. I.(ed.). Bronzovyi vek vostochnoy Evropy: kharakteristika kultur, khronologiya i periodizatsiya (The Bronze Age of Eastern Europe: characteristics of cultures, chronology and periodization). Samara: “Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy tsentr” Publ., 347 352 (in Russian)
Samashev, Z., Ermolaeva, A. S., Loshakova, T. N. 2004. In: Voprosy istorii i arheologii Zapadnogo Kazahstana (Issues of history and archaeology of Western Kazakhstan), 3, 125-153 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z., Ermolaeva, A. S., Loshakova, T. N. 2007. In: Voprosy istorii i arheologii Zapadnogo Kazahstana (Issues of history and archeology of Western Kazakhstan), 1, 87-102 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z., Onggaruly, A., Kiyasbek, G., Oralbaj, E. 2011. In: Hram-svyatilishche – Kyzyluijk (Temple-sanctuary – Kyzyluiyk). Astana: “Arkheologiya” Publ. (in Russian).
Cheboksary, V. V. (ed.). 1981. Tipy traditsionnogo selskogo zhilishcha narodov Yugo-Zapadnoy i Yuzhnoy Azii (Types of traditional rural dwellings of the peoples of Southwest and South Asia). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Chernykh, E. M. 2008. Zhilishcha Prikamiya (epoha zheleza) (Dwellings of the Kama region (Iron Age)). Izhevsk: Udmurt State University (in Russian).
Shevnina, I. V., Loshakova, T. N. 2017. In: Samarskiy nauchnyi vestnik (Samara Scientific Bulletin), vol. 6, 3, 216-222 (in Russian).
Goryachev, A., Frachetti, M. D. 2022. Kazakstan arheologiyasy (Kazakhstan Archeology), 2, 24-56 (in English).
Ferdani, D., Demetrescu, E., Cavalieri, M., Pace, G., Lenzi, S. 2019. In: Groma Documenting archaeology, 4, 1-21. DOI:10.12977/groma26
Guilaine, J. 2016. Bon, F. (ed.). Groupe de recherche Archéoscience, 8, 82-209 (in English).
Nenad, N. 2017. In: Nenad, Tasić (ed.). Virtual reconstruction and computer visualisations in archaeological practice. CONTRA Series. IV. Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana Press; Faculty of Arts, 187-197 (in English).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Татьяна Лошакова, Михаил Антовнов
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
